[v8,1/3] doc: add optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins
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Commit Message
Add information about possible optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins.
Signed-off-by: Phil Yang <phil.yang@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Honnappa Nagarahalli <honnappa.nagarahalli@arm.com>
---
doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
Comments
Hello,
On Thu, Jul 16, 2020 at 6:58 AM Phil Yang <phil.yang@arm.com> wrote:
>
> Add information about possible optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins.
We are missing a review on this doc update.
Thanks.
<snip>
> Subject: [PATCH v8 1/3] doc: add optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins
>
> Add information about possible optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins.
>
> Signed-off-by: Phil Yang <phil.yang@arm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Honnappa Nagarahalli <honnappa.nagarahalli@arm.com>
Thanks for the changes, they look good now.
David wanted to change 'built-ins' to 'builtins', otherwise
Reviewed-by: Honnappa Nagarahalli <honnappa.nagarahalli@arm.com>
> ---
> doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst | 59
> +++++++++++++++++++++++-
> 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> b/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> index 849f63e..53a1ca1 100644
> --- a/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> +++ b/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> @@ -167,7 +167,13 @@ but with the added cost of lower throughput.
> Locks and Atomic Operations
> ---------------------------
>
> -Atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
> +This section describes some key considerations when using locks and
> +atomic operations in the DPDK environment.
> +
> +Locks
> +~~~~~
> +
> +On x86, atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
> causing the processor's LOCK# signal to be asserted during execution of the
> following instruction.
> This has a big impact on performance in a multicore environment.
>
> @@ -176,6 +182,57 @@ It can often be replaced by other solutions like per-
> lcore variables.
> Also, some locking techniques are more efficient than others.
> For instance, the Read-Copy-Update (RCU) algorithm can frequently replace
> simple rwlocks.
>
> +Atomic Operations: Use C11 Atomic Built-ins
> +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> +
> +DPDK generic rte_atomic operations are implemented by __sync built-ins.
> +These __sync built-ins result in full barriers on aarch64, which are
> +unnecessary in many use cases. They can be replaced by __atomic
> +built-ins that conform to the C11 memory model and provide finer memory
> order control.
> +
> +So replacing the rte_atomic operations with __atomic built-ins might
> +improve performance for aarch64 machines.
> +
> +Some typical optimization cases are listed below:
> +
> +Atomicity
> +^^^^^^^^^
> +
> +Some use cases require atomicity alone, the ordering of the memory
> +operations does not matter. For example, the packet statistics counters
> +need to be incremented atomically but do not need any particular memory
> ordering.
> +So, RELAXED memory ordering is sufficient.
> +
> +One-way Barrier
> +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> +
> +Some use cases allow for memory reordering in one way while requiring
> +memory ordering in the other direction.
> +
> +For example, the memory operations before the spinlock lock are allowed
> +to move to the critical section, but the memory operations in the
> +critical section are not allowed to move above the lock. In this case,
> +the full memory barrier in the compare-and-swap operation can be replaced
> with ACQUIRE memory order.
> +On the other hand, the memory operations after the spinlock unlock are
> +allowed to move to the critical section, but the memory operations in
> +the critical section are not allowed to move below the unlock. So the
> +full barrier in the store operation can use RELEASE memory order.
> +
> +Reader-Writer Concurrency
> +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> +
> +Lock-free reader-writer concurrency is one of the common use cases in DPDK.
> +
> +The payload or the data that the writer wants to communicate to the
> +reader, can be written with RELAXED memory order. However, the guard
> +variable should be written with RELEASE memory order. This ensures that
> +the store to guard variable is observable only after the store to payload is
> observable.
> +
> +Correspondingly, on the reader side, the guard variable should be read
> +with ACQUIRE memory order. The payload or the data the writer
> +communicated, can be read with RELAXED memory order. This ensures that,
> +if the store to guard variable is observable, the store to payload is also
> observable.
> +
> Coding Considerations
> ---------------------
>
> --
> 2.7.4
Honnappa Nagarahalli <Honnappa.Nagarahalli@arm.com> writes:
<snip>
>
> > Subject: [PATCH v8 1/3] doc: add optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins
> >
> > Add information about possible optimizations using C11 atomic built-ins.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Phil Yang <phil.yang@arm.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Honnappa Nagarahalli <honnappa.nagarahalli@arm.com>
>
> Thanks for the changes, they look good now.
>
> David wanted to change 'built-ins' to 'builtins', otherwise
> Reviewed-by: Honnappa Nagarahalli <honnappa.nagarahalli@arm.com>
Will do in the next version.
Thanks.
>
> > ---
> > doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst | 59
> > +++++++++++++++++++++++-
> > 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> > b/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> > index 849f63e..53a1ca1 100644
> > --- a/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> > +++ b/doc/guides/prog_guide/writing_efficient_code.rst
> > @@ -167,7 +167,13 @@ but with the added cost of lower throughput.
> > Locks and Atomic Operations
> > ---------------------------
> >
> > -Atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
> > +This section describes some key considerations when using locks and
> > +atomic operations in the DPDK environment.
> > +
> > +Locks
> > +~~~~~
> > +
> > +On x86, atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
> > causing the processor's LOCK# signal to be asserted during execution of
> the
> > following instruction.
> > This has a big impact on performance in a multicore environment.
> >
> > @@ -176,6 +182,57 @@ It can often be replaced by other solutions like per-
> > lcore variables.
> > Also, some locking techniques are more efficient than others.
> > For instance, the Read-Copy-Update (RCU) algorithm can frequently
> replace
> > simple rwlocks.
> >
> > +Atomic Operations: Use C11 Atomic Built-ins
> > +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> > +
> > +DPDK generic rte_atomic operations are implemented by __sync built-ins.
> > +These __sync built-ins result in full barriers on aarch64, which are
> > +unnecessary in many use cases. They can be replaced by __atomic
> > +built-ins that conform to the C11 memory model and provide finer
> memory
> > order control.
> > +
> > +So replacing the rte_atomic operations with __atomic built-ins might
> > +improve performance for aarch64 machines.
> > +
> > +Some typical optimization cases are listed below:
> > +
> > +Atomicity
> > +^^^^^^^^^
> > +
> > +Some use cases require atomicity alone, the ordering of the memory
> > +operations does not matter. For example, the packet statistics counters
> > +need to be incremented atomically but do not need any particular
> memory
> > ordering.
> > +So, RELAXED memory ordering is sufficient.
> > +
> > +One-way Barrier
> > +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > +
> > +Some use cases allow for memory reordering in one way while requiring
> > +memory ordering in the other direction.
> > +
> > +For example, the memory operations before the spinlock lock are allowed
> > +to move to the critical section, but the memory operations in the
> > +critical section are not allowed to move above the lock. In this case,
> > +the full memory barrier in the compare-and-swap operation can be
> replaced
> > with ACQUIRE memory order.
> > +On the other hand, the memory operations after the spinlock unlock are
> > +allowed to move to the critical section, but the memory operations in
> > +the critical section are not allowed to move below the unlock. So the
> > +full barrier in the store operation can use RELEASE memory order.
> > +
> > +Reader-Writer Concurrency
> > +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > +
> > +Lock-free reader-writer concurrency is one of the common use cases in
> DPDK.
> > +
> > +The payload or the data that the writer wants to communicate to the
> > +reader, can be written with RELAXED memory order. However, the guard
> > +variable should be written with RELEASE memory order. This ensures that
> > +the store to guard variable is observable only after the store to payload is
> > observable.
> > +
> > +Correspondingly, on the reader side, the guard variable should be read
> > +with ACQUIRE memory order. The payload or the data the writer
> > +communicated, can be read with RELAXED memory order. This ensures
> that,
> > +if the store to guard variable is observable, the store to payload is also
> > observable.
> > +
> > Coding Considerations
> > ---------------------
> >
> > --
> > 2.7.4
@@ -167,7 +167,13 @@ but with the added cost of lower throughput.
Locks and Atomic Operations
---------------------------
-Atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
+This section describes some key considerations when using locks and atomic
+operations in the DPDK environment.
+
+Locks
+~~~~~
+
+On x86, atomic operations imply a lock prefix before the instruction,
causing the processor's LOCK# signal to be asserted during execution of the following instruction.
This has a big impact on performance in a multicore environment.
@@ -176,6 +182,57 @@ It can often be replaced by other solutions like per-lcore variables.
Also, some locking techniques are more efficient than others.
For instance, the Read-Copy-Update (RCU) algorithm can frequently replace simple rwlocks.
+Atomic Operations: Use C11 Atomic Built-ins
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+DPDK generic rte_atomic operations are implemented by __sync built-ins. These
+__sync built-ins result in full barriers on aarch64, which are unnecessary
+in many use cases. They can be replaced by __atomic built-ins that conform to
+the C11 memory model and provide finer memory order control.
+
+So replacing the rte_atomic operations with __atomic built-ins might improve
+performance for aarch64 machines.
+
+Some typical optimization cases are listed below:
+
+Atomicity
+^^^^^^^^^
+
+Some use cases require atomicity alone, the ordering of the memory operations
+does not matter. For example, the packet statistics counters need to be
+incremented atomically but do not need any particular memory ordering.
+So, RELAXED memory ordering is sufficient.
+
+One-way Barrier
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Some use cases allow for memory reordering in one way while requiring memory
+ordering in the other direction.
+
+For example, the memory operations before the spinlock lock are allowed to
+move to the critical section, but the memory operations in the critical section
+are not allowed to move above the lock. In this case, the full memory barrier
+in the compare-and-swap operation can be replaced with ACQUIRE memory order.
+On the other hand, the memory operations after the spinlock unlock are allowed
+to move to the critical section, but the memory operations in the critical
+section are not allowed to move below the unlock. So the full barrier in the
+store operation can use RELEASE memory order.
+
+Reader-Writer Concurrency
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Lock-free reader-writer concurrency is one of the common use cases in DPDK.
+
+The payload or the data that the writer wants to communicate to the reader,
+can be written with RELAXED memory order. However, the guard variable should
+be written with RELEASE memory order. This ensures that the store to guard
+variable is observable only after the store to payload is observable.
+
+Correspondingly, on the reader side, the guard variable should be read
+with ACQUIRE memory order. The payload or the data the writer communicated,
+can be read with RELAXED memory order. This ensures that, if the store to
+guard variable is observable, the store to payload is also observable.
+
Coding Considerations
---------------------